[99][100] This uniform, based on those of the original UVF, was introduced in the early 1970s. The Irish parliament's Joint Committee on Justice called the bombings an act of "international terrorism" involving the British security forces. [148] On 10 February 1976, following the sudden uptick of violence against Catholic civilians by loyalist militants, Irish cardinal William Conway and nine other Catholic bishops met with British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his cabinet, asking them as to where the loyalist militants had acquired guns, to which Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Merlyn Rees replied "Canada". On the basis of that, we as a federation have called for the respecification of the UVF [stating that its ceasefire is over]. The Progressive Unionist Party's condemnation, and Dawn Purvis and other leaders' resignations as a response to the Moffett shooting, were also noted. On 23 October 1972, the UVF carried out an armed raid against King's Park camp, a UDR/Territorial Army depot in Lurgan. Although O'Neill was a unionist, they saw him as being too 'soft' on the civil rights movement and too friendly with the Republic of Ireland. [124][125] Although Scottish support for loyalist paramilitaries has been hindered by the strong disapproval of the mainstream Orange Order in that country,[126][127] it is estimated that the UVF nevertheless received hundreds of thousands of pounds in donations to its Loyalist Prisoners Welfare Association. we solemnly warn the authorities to make no more speeches of appeasement. During this time he restructured the organisation into brigades, battalions, companies, platoons and sections. John Graham (loyalist) Ulster Volunteer Force member. [98], On 23 March 2019, eleven alleged UVF members were arrested during a total of 14 searches conducted in Belfast, Newtownards and Comber and the suspects, aged between 22 and 48, were taken into police custody for questioning. [92] There were also reports that UVF members fired shots at police lines during a protest. [35], In January 1970, the UVF began bombing Catholic-owned businesses in Protestant areas of Belfast. All were widely blamed on the IRA, and British soldiers were sent to guard installations. The UVF was also clashing with the UDA in the summer of 2000. Captain Robert Nairac of 14 Intelligence Company was alleged to have been involved in many acts of UVF violence. Chiefs of Staff [ edit] Gusty Spence (1966). [74], On 3 May 2007, following recent negotiations between the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) and Irish Taoiseach Bertie Ahern and with Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) Chief Constable Sir Hugh Orde, the UVF made a statement that they would transform to a "non-military, civilianised" organisation. "[151], According to Alan McQuillan, the assistant director of the Assets Recovery Agency in 2005, "In the loyalist community, drug dealing is run by the paramilitaries and it is generally run for personal gain by a large number of people." [54] In fact, the UVF was behind the deaths of seven civilians in a series of attacks on 2 October. This development came soon after the UVF's Brigade Staff in Belfast had stood down Wright and the Portadown unit of the Mid-Ulster Brigade, on 2 August 1996, for the killing of a Catholic taxi driver near Lurgan during Drumcree disturbances. adding water to reduce alcohol in wine. [12] They always signed their statements with the fictitious name "Captain William Johnston". [15] In the late summer and autumn of 1973 the UVF detonated more bombs than the UDA and IRA combined,[16] and by the time of the group's temporary ceasefire in late November it had been responsible for over 200 explosions that year. The Irish Army also set up field hospitals near the border. [46] This resulted in a sharp increase in sectarian killings and internecine feuding, both with the UDA and within the UVF itself. Their weapons stock-piles are to be retained under the watch of the UVF leadership. It would attack the Republic again in May 1974, during the two-week Ulster Workers' Council strike. As an Independent Contractor, you have flexibility to choose when and where to provide services. [99][100], On 4 March 2021, the UVF, Red Hand Commando and UDA renounced their current participation in the Good Friday Agreement. The UVF launched further attacks in the Republic of Ireland during December 1972 and January 1973, when it detonated three car bombs in Dublin and one in Belturbet, killing five civilians. Both our men's team and women's team came home as champions of the Colonial States Athletic Conference (CSAC). It was alleged that Colin Armstrong had links to both drugs and loyalist terrorists. Two members of the group survived the attack and later testified against those responsible. The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. [11] Many retaliatory attacks on Catholics were claimed using the covername "Protestant Action Force" (PAF), which first appeared in Autumn 1974. Twenty-five years after Little killed Joe Griffen's brother, the media arrange an auspicious meeting between the two. Loyalists were successful in importing arms into Northern Ireland. It comprises high-ranking officers under a Chief of Staff or Brigadier-General. It would continue these tactics for the rest of its campaign. Ulster Volunteer Force members William Smith (loyalist) Loyalist former paramilitary and politician. [18][19] The UVF did not return to regular bombings until the early 1990s when it obtained a quantity of the mining explosive Powergel. [54] Indeed, the number of killings in Northern Ireland had decreased from 300 per year during the period between 1973 and 1976 to just under 100 in the years 19771981. [55] The hawks had been ousted by those in the UVF who were unhappy with their political and military strategy. Please keep the following requirements in mind: Awarded to first time entering freshmen and transfer students. [66] The UVF also killed senior IRA paramilitary members Liam Ryan, John 'Skipper' Burns and Larry Marley. Two drug dealers and close associates of UFF narco-king Mo Courtney were ordered out of the area on Thursday night and according. Uvf members list 2020 tt mm gw ux dk tb kp pg ru co cg wq ki xl sw mb vr kk tl bg qu sj we we wu as bx cq fb ki ru nv wh de xy ic During 1970, 42 Catholic-owned licensed premises in Protestant areas were bombed. [22] The group called itself the "Ulster Volunteer Force" (UVF), after the original UVF of the early 20th century. Mr Jameson's murder has been linked to a long-standing loyalist feud in mid-Ulster, involving members of the LVF and UVF. [70], There followed years of violence between the two organisations. The civil rights movement sought to end discrimination against Catholics by the Protestant and Unionist-dominated government of Northern Ireland. [22] Spence later wrote "At the time, the attitude was that if you couldn't get an IRA man you should shoot a Taig, he's your last resort". Unable to find their target, the men drove around the Falls district in search of a Catholic. Fire engulfed the house next door, badly burning the elderly Protestant widow who lived there. The UVF very clearly have involvement in drug dealing, all forms of gangsterism, serious assaults, intimidation of the community." [79], In 2008, a loyalist splinter group calling itself the "Real UVF" emerged briefly to make threats against Sinn Fin in County Fermanagh. In January 2000 UVF Mid-Ulster brigadier Richard Jameson was shot dead by a LVF gunman which led to an escalation of the UVF/LVF feud. CAIN also states that Republicans killed 13 UVF members. The first British soldier to be killed by the Provisional IRA died in February 1971. The gang comprised, in addition to the UVF, rogue elements of the UDR, RUC, SPG, and the regular Army, all acting allegedly under the direction of the British Intelligence Corps and/or RUC Special Branch. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British soldier. Two members of the group survived the attack and later testified against those responsible. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British Army soldier from Northern Ireland.The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles.It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have . Along with the newly formed Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the UVF began carrying out gun attacks on random Catholic civilians and using car bombs to attack Catholic-owned pubs. My Blog jackie mahood uvf members list [30] There were bombings on 30 March, 4 April, 20 April, 24 April and 26 April. CAIN also states that republicans killed 15 UVF members, some of whom are suspected to have been set up for assassination by their colleagues. [131][132] This activity has been described as its preferred source of funds in the early 1970s,[133] and it continued into the 2000s, with the UVF in County Londonderry being active. This is a timeline of actions by the Ulster Volunteer Force ( UVF ), an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group since 1966. [117] Members were trained in bomb-making, and the organisation developed home-made explosives. [101], The strength of the UVF is uncertain. Since 1969 the group had also carried out attacks in the Republic of Ireland. The biggest of these was the 1974 Dublin and Monaghan bombings, which killed 34 civilians, making it the deadliest terrorist attack of the conflict. [76][77][78], In January 2008, the UVF was accused of involvement in vigilante action against alleged criminals in Belfast. [110], Prior to and after the onset of the Troubles the UVF carried out armed robberies. [105] Historically, the number of active UVF members in July 1971 was stated by one source to be no more than 20. In 1972, five Toronto businessmen shipped weapons in grain container ships out of Halifax, bound for ports in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland which were destined for loyalist militants. In response to events in Derry, nationalists held protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent. [139] In 2002 the House of Commons Northern Ireland Affairs Committee estimated the UVF's annual running costs at 12 million per year, against an annual fundraising capability of 1.5 million. [41] On 17 May, two UVF units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster brigades detonated four car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan. These included a number of UVF's commanders like Big Bill Campbell, head of the UVF in Scotland, and 3 of the McGurk's Bar bombers. David Ervine led the Progressive Unionist Party, the UVF's political wing While not officially a unit of the UVF, the Butchers were staunch Loyalists and most were UVF members. [120] However, from 1977 bombs largely disappeared from the UVF's arsenal owing to a lack of explosives and bomb-makers, plus a conscious decision to abandon their use in favour of more contained methods. [84] The Independent Monitoring Commission stated Moffett was killed by UVF members acting with the sanction of the leadership. Article from The People (London, England). "Ulster's Uncertain Defenders: Protestant Political Paramilitary and Community Groups and the Northern Ireland Conflict". [18][19] Some members have also been found responsible for orchestrating a series of racist attacks. When the Assets Recovery Agency won a High Court order to seize luxury homes belonging to ex-policeman Colin Robert Armstrong and his partner Geraldine Mallon in 2005, Alan McQuillan said "We have further alleged Armstrong has had links with the UVF and then the LVF following the split between those organisations." House of Commons: Northern Ireland Affairs Committee, Cusack & McDonald, p.34-35, 105, 199, 205, Ulster Loyalist Central Co-ordinating Committee, Articles with dead external links from November 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Proscribed paramilitary organisations in Northern Ireland, Organizations designated as terrorist in Europe, Timeline of Ulster Volunteer Force actions, protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent, Provisional IRA campaign 1969-1997#Loyalists and the IRA killing and reprisals, "CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths: Organisation responsible for the death", http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/tables/Organisation_Responsible.html, CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulation, http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/david-mckittrick-will-loyalists-seek-bloody-revenge-1643076.html, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/angry-men-at-an-ulster-crossroads-1308322.html, Chronology of Key Events in Irish History, 1800 to 1967, http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch69.htm, "Irish tighten security after Dublin bombing", "Call for probe of British link to 1974 bombs", Death Squad Dossier, Irish Mail on Sunday by Michael Browne, 10 December 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/6619417.stm. They were blamed by the PSNI on members of the UVF, who also said UVF guns had been used to try to kill police officers. Known IRA men will be executed mercilessly and without hesitation. The group also carried out attacks in the Republic of Ireland from 1969 onward. '[156], The UVF's satellite organisation, the Red Hand Commando, was described by the IMC in 2004 as "heavily involved" in drug dealing. [22] In March and April 1966, Irish republicans held parades throughout Ireland to mark the 50th anniversary of the Easter Rising. This was a general strike in protest against the Sunningdale Agreement, which meant sharing political power with Irish nationalists and the Republic having more involvement in Northern Ireland. The UVF killed four men in Belfast and trouble ended only when the LVF announced that it was disbanding in October of that year. This was a general strike in protest against the Sunningdale Agreement, which meant sharing political power with Irish nationalists and the Republic having more involvement in Northern Ireland. page 1. http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/imc/imc200404.pdf, http://www.vilaweb.cat/media/attach/vwedts/docs/op_banner_analysis_released.pdf, http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/imc/imc240505.pdf, http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/article2187547.ece, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4379973.stm, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4244082.stm, http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/organ/porgan.htm, CAIN University of Ulster Conflict Archive, May 1966 present (ended armed campaign in May 2007), Unnamed Chief of Staff (1974 October 1975). [90], During the Belfast City Hall flag protests of 2012 2013, senior UVF members were confirmed to have actively been involved in orchestrating violence and rioting against the PSNI and the Alliance Party throughout Northern Ireland during the weeks of disorder. [141] Its main benefactors have been in central Scotland,[142] Liverpool,[143] Preston[143] and the Toronto area of Canada. [54] The UVF was behind the deaths of seven civilians in a series of attacks on 2 October. Our well-known clients are seeking Independent Contractors to provide virtual services to their customers across a variety of industries including Retail, Healthcare, Licensed Insurance, Non-Licensed Insurance and Tax Support. Shoppers have been so blown away by a 5.50 meal from Marks and Spencer (M&S), they say they don't want to order an expensive Chinese takeaway again. November 2nd sees the publication of My Life In Loyalism, the memoir of Billy Hutchinson (leader of the Progressive Unionist Party, Belfast City Councillor and former UVF member).Written with Dr. Gareth Mulvenna, it has been described in the press notes as being filled "with great candour and honesty, this is a gripping memoir of an extraordinary life which reveals previously unpublished . Mitchell, Thomas G (2000). The UVF very clearly have involvement in drug dealing, all forms of gangsterism, serious assaults, intimidation of the community. But Professor Richard Grayson, from Goldsmiths, University of London, told Belfast. "[18], In November 2013, after a series of shootings and acts of intimidation by the UVF, Police Federation Chairman Terry Spence declared that the UVF ceasefire was no longer active. Both pubs were wrecked and a number of people were wounded. He was shot dead by the IRA in November 1982, four months after his release from the Maze Prison. [8] Most of its victims were Irish Catholic civilians, who were often chosen at random. The group concluded a general acceptance of the need to decommission, though there was no conclusive proof of moves towards this end. It would continue these tactics for the rest of its campaign. Fermanagh. Henry MacDonald and Jim Cusack provide a fascinating insight into the UVF's origins, growth and decline. [58][59] West died in 1980. [citation needed] The feud between the UVF and the LVF erupted again in the summer of 2005. [29] The loyalists "intended to force a crisis which would so undermine confidence in O'Neill's ability to maintain law and order that he would be obliged to resign". [125] Members were disciplined after they carried out an unsanctioned theft of 8 million of paintings from an estate in Co Wicklow in April 1974. [29] Unionist support for O'Neill waned, and on 28 April he resigned as Prime Minister. [53] These men had overthrown the "hawkish" officers, who had called for a "big push", which meant an increase in violent attacks, earlier in the same month. It was formed in late 1965 or early 1966 and named after the Ulster Volunteers of the early twentieth century. [46] Some of the new Brigade Staff members bore nicknames such as "Big Dog" and "Smudger". The no-warning car bombings had been carried out by units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster Brigades. [31], The UVF had launched its first attack in the Republic of Ireland on 5 August 1969, when it bombed the RT Television Centre in Dublin. [11] Whenever it claimed responsibility for its attacks, the UVF usually claimed that those targeted were IRA members or were giving help to the IRA. Spence told Radio Ulster that the UVF had been "engaged in murder, attempted murder of civilians, attempted murder of police officers. Grob-Fitzgibbon, Benjamin. [21] Spence later wrote "At the time, the attitude was that if you couldn't get an IRA man you should shoot a Taig, he's your last resort". [89] The UVF leader in East Belfast, who is popularly known as the "Beast of the East" and "Ugly Doris" also known as by real name Stephen Matthews, ordered the attack on Catholic homes and a church in the Catholic enclave of the Short Strand. During the conflict, its deadliest attack in Northern Ireland was the 1971 McGurk's Bar bombing, which killed fifteen civilians. Spence and the others were transported to Castlereagh to be identified and processed by RUC which should have been an easy exercise even if he was in disguise, as Spence was so well known. For the original Ulster Volunteer Force organisation of the 1910s, see, The UVF emblem, with the motto "For God and Ulster". [45], UVF mural in the Shankill Road, where the Brigade Staff is based, In 1974, hardliners staged a coup and took over the Brigade Staff. dwayne johnson rock foundation contact. The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade was founded in 1972 in Lurgan by Billy Hanna, a captain in the UDR and a member of the Brigade Staff, who served as the brigade's commander until his shooting death in July 1975. [50] The UVF was banned again on 3 October 1975 and two days later twenty-six suspected UVF members were arrested in a series of raids. Nelson, Sarah. In 1984, they attempted to kill the northern editor of the Sunday World, Jim Campbell after he had exposed the paramilitary activities of Mid-Ulster brigadier Robin Jackson. [131] The UVF has also been involved in the extortion of legitimate businesses, although to a lesser extent than the UDA,[138] and was described in the fifth IMC report as being involved in organised crime. [30] There were bombings on 30 March, 4 April, 20 April, 24 April and 26 April. The UVF has killed more people than any other loyalist paramilitary group. Matthews, who is facing criminal charges in relation to an alleged UVF show of strength in the Pitt Park area of the city in 2021, was recently named in court as the leader of East Belfast UVF. [54] The number of killings in Northern Ireland had decreased from around 300 per year between 1973 and 1976 to just under 100 in the years 19771981. The report added that individuals, some current and some former members, in the group have, without the orders from above, continued to "localised recruitment", and although some continued to try and acquire weapons, including a senior member, most forms of crime had fallen, including shootings and assaults. Jim Hanna (1973 - April 1974) [102] Hanna . [81], In June 2009 the UVF formally decommissioned their weapons in front of independent witnesses as a formal statement of decommissioning was read by Dawn Purvis and Billy Hutchinson. One study focusing in part on female members of the UVF and Red Hand Commando noted that it "seem[ed] to have been reasonably unusual" for women to be officially asked to join the UVF. [44], The brigade formed part of the Glenanne gang, a loose alliance of loyalist assassins which the Pat Finucane Centre has linked to 87 killings in the 1970s. Sam "Bo" McClelland (1966-1973) [28] Described as a "tough disciplinarian", he was personally appointed by Spence to. From that time until the early 1990s the Mid-Ulster Brigade was led by Robin "the Jackal" Jackson, who then passed the leadership to Billy Wright. why is jason ritter in a wheelchair Your job ad can make or break your candidates' decision to apply to your company. Three men out of the ten-man UVF unit were later convicted of the murders; Thomas Crozier and James McDowell were serving soldiers of the 11th Battalion UDR, and John James Somerville (brother of Wesley) was a former member of the regiment. The feud with the UDA ended in December following seven deaths. Scores of houses and businesses were burnt-out, most of them owned by Catholics. The gang comprised, in addition to the UVF, rogue elements of the UDR, RUC, SPG, and the regular Army, all acting allegedly under the direction of British Military Intelligence and/or RUC Special Branch. [61], The UVF received large numbers of Sa vz. In October, UVF and UPV member Thomas McDowell was killed by the bomb he was planting at Ballyshannon power station. Carson and Craig, supported by some English Conservative politicians . . Hello, Liveops. This development came soon after the UVF's Brigade Staff in Belfast had stood down Wright and the Portadown unit of the Mid-Ulster Brigade, on 2 August 1996, for the killing of a Catholic taxi driver near Lurgan during Drumcree disturbances. In February it began to target critics of militant loyalism the homes of MPs Austin Currie, Sheelagh Murnaghan, Richard Ferguson and Anne Dickson were attacked with improvised bombs. More militant members of the UVF, led by Billy Wright who disagreed with the ceasefire, broke away to form the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF). is situated 19 miles south of the middle of Castries. The vast majority (more than two-thirds)[6][7] of its 481 known victims were Catholic civilians. [91] Much of the UVF's orchestration was carried out by its senior members in East Belfast, where many attacks on the PSNI and on residents of the Short Strand enclave took place. The chip shop has since been closed down. The weapons were Palestine Liberation Organisation arms captured by the Israelis, sold to Armscor, the South African state-owned company which, in defiance of the 1977 United Nations arms embargo, set about making South Africa self-sufficient in military hardware[citation needed]. 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